Highway Classification The classification of highway into different operational systems, functional classes, or geometric type is necessary for commun...
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The materials in which bitumen and asphalt are present are known as Bituminous Materials. Primarily, the bituminous materials are extensively used for...
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SFD and BMD Shear Force: It is the algebraic sum of the vertical forces acting to the left or right of the cut section Bending Moment: It is the alg...
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When an element is subjected to any load (tensile or compressive), moment or twisting, it withstands the applied action through the inherent material ...
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Sanitary Engineering That branch of public health Engg dealing with the collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal of wastes(garbage, sullage,sewa...
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Noise Pollution Sound propagation Human hearing and Frequency “Noise” derived from “nausea,” meaning seasickness Noise is among th...
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Air pollution Introduction Air pollution refers to the change in the composition of the atmosphere by gases or other material released from Earth’s ...
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SLUDGE TREATMENT Sludge Sludge refers to the residual, semi solid material left from industrial wastewater or sewage treatment processes. Satisfactory...
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List of Appurtenances Manholes Clean out Street inlet Flushing tanks Grease & Oil traps Storm water regulator (Inverted) siphons Pumping stations ...
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Water Supply and Distribution Introduction After having treated raw water in water and wastewater treatment plants, the last and final stage of water ...
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