Traversing A geometrical figure, consisting of a series of consecutive survey lines is called traverse. Points joining these lines are called traverse...
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Theodolite: In survey, a theodolite is an instrument mounted with a moveable telescope, used for precise measurements of horizontal and vertical angle...
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Base Line Measurement Method In surveying procedures such as traversing, triangulation, trilateration, and setting out, baseline measurement is very i...
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Definition of contouring: Contouring is the method used in surveying to determine the elevation of the points and to connect the points of equal eleva...
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Definition of leveling: Leveling is generally followed technique to obtain the elevation of one point relative to another. Leveling helps in engineeri...
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Angle beams contain two legs that converge at a right angle to one another to form an L-shaped structure. The two legs may have similar or different l...
Read more Design of T and L Beam in Flexure.
A frame is a structure composed of several members that are either fixed–or pin–connected at their ends. It is often necessary to draw shear and m...
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Frame structures combine beam, column and slab to resist the lateral and gravity loads. These structures are usually used to overcome the big moments ...
Read more Types of Frame Structures Rigid and frame structure
Background The problem in increasing the capacity of the beam is the restriction that As should not exceed Asmax. This places a restriction on the max...
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Behavior of RC Beams Under Gravity Load Beam Test In order to clearly understand the behavior of RC members subjected to flexure load only, the respon...
Read more Design of Singly Reinforced Beam in Flexure