Air pollution Introduction Air pollution refers to the change in the composition of the atmosphere by gases or other material released from Earth’s ...
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SLUDGE TREATMENT Sludge Sludge refers to the residual, semi solid material left from industrial wastewater or sewage treatment processes. Satisfactory...
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List of Appurtenances Manholes Clean out Street inlet Flushing tanks Grease & Oil traps Storm water regulator (Inverted) siphons Pumping stations ...
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Water Supply and Distribution Introduction After having treated raw water in water and wastewater treatment plants, the last and final stage of water ...
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Wastewater Treatment Composition of untreated domestic wastewater Constituent Abbreviation Concentration (mg/L) Biological oxygen demand BOD 100 – 3...
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Water Treatment Complete Process Since the early 1900’s sanitary engineers have been working in the United States to reduce waterborne diseases. In ...
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Water pollutants Water that has been withdrawn, used and then returned will be polluted in one way or another. Agricultural return water contains pest...
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There are many types of surveying and compass surveying is one of them and plays an important part. We can define it as a type of surveying in which d...
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Measuring distance with the help of chain is the most common and accurate method. In this method, the horizontal or linear distances are measured with...
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In this article, we will discuss some basic points that are very important during surveying, because these are the terms that are used in every type o...
Read more Angles, Azimuths, Bearings and Meridians in Engineering Survey